Moderate intensity exercise was defined as 60–80% of maximum heart rate for half an hour. Participants were then required to walk or jog on a treadmill at a moderate intensity level for 30 minutes and then engage in a cool down for 10 minutes. Study participants reported experiencing between two and six traumatic events and on average were 48 years of age. Manger obtained a sample of individuals from the community who had experienced a variety of traumatic events including the tragic death of a loved one or friend, a sexual or physical assault, serious accident (most common were automobile accidents), combat, severe illness or disease, or injury. It seemed that exercise could not have a real impact on such a pervasive and enduring disorder as PTSD. I was somewhat taken by surprise when one of my doctoral students was able to prove otherwise. PTSD sufferers report that they are no longer the person they once were and they no longer see the world in the same way. It is not as simple as fear of driving on highways but involves an alteration of one’s sense of self and one’s view of the environment. PTSD literally transforms the individual sufferer on virtually all levels. In the early days of research on the impact of exercise on negative emotional states, there was fairly consistent evidence of its beneficial impact but there was virtually no evidence of its utility in managing PTSD. The reasoning behind the lack of evidence for the utility of exercise in reducing PTSD was that PTSD is a far more complex and enduring problem than many of the more transitory disorders such as anxiety and depression. Introduction: the effect of exercise on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
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